Spatial Relationship of Maxillary Posterior Teeth with Maxillary Sinus Floor in Sagittal, Coronal and Axial Planes by Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in a Subpopulation of Central India.

Inadvertent perforation of the root apex during endodontic procedure in maxillary posterior teeth may unnecessarily invite the complications of sinusitis or inflammatory responses. This becomes even more important when performing endodontic surgical procedures. Thus, it is mandatory to have the precise knowledge of anatomic structures which are in close proximity to the apex of roots and its variations among different geographic area. This retrospective observational study was performed in the Central India to assess the spatial relationships between the maxillary second pre-molar (sPM), maxillary first molar (M1), maxillary second molar (M2) with the maxillary sinus floor using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in all three axial, sagittal and coronal sections from year 2016 to 2021. Three hundred and sixty teeth were examined through sixty full volumes CBCT scans of the patients in between year 2016-2021 in Indore, (MP, India). The Distances (D) between the examined roots and the sinus floor, were evaluated using CBCT in all three sections, and grouped in 7 classes. To simplify, Class 1 and 2 were grouped as Negative Configuration where apices are protruding into sinus floor, Class 3 as Zero and Class 4-7 as Positive configuration. The data were analyzed statistically using SPSS system. The prevalence of class 1 and 2 (negative configuration) was the highest for the Palatal of M1 (16.67%) followed by Distobuccal of M1 (13.34%). The prevalence of class 3 that is Zero configuration was the highest for the Mesiobuccal of M2 (63.33%). The results suggested all the three teeth roots showed closed proximity with sinus floor, closest relationship with the sinus floor was seen in palatal of M1 in this study.

Review of biomarker systems as an alternative for early diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma

Early diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma is bound to boost the long-term endurance rate of the patients. Most ovarian tumors happen post menopause when the ovaries have no vital operation and therefore irregular ovarian role causes no signs. According to Muinao T. et al. (Heliyon. 5(12):e02826, 2019), if we consider the frequency of ovarian carcinoma to be moderate, a screening technique must accomplish a base specificity of 99.6% and sensitivity of over 75%. The classification and approval of early diagnostic biomarkers explicit to ovarian carcinoma are essentially required. Prevailing methods for early diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma incorporate TVS, biological marker examination, or a blend of the two or other. In recent years, it has been revealed that a combination of at least two biomarkers has beaten single biomarkers in measures for early diagnosis of the illness. In the present document, we survey the ongoing exploration of innovative characteristic methodologies and possible panels of carcinoma biological markers for the early diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma and discuss biomarkers as the plausible apparatus for model improvement and other progressed approaches as an effective alternative to the prevailing methods for early diagnosis of this dreadful disease to evade bogus analysis and inordinate expense (AU)

A Comparative Evaluation of Sealing Ability of Five Different Materials for Furcation Perforation Repair Using UV-Spectrophotometric Analysis: An In-Vitro Study.

This in-vitro study was done to compare the sealing ability of Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, a mixture of MTA and Glass ionomer cement (GIC) in 2:1 and 1:1 ratio and MTA CEM, as furcation repair material using a dye extraction leakage model in the department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics from January 2020 to December 2020. Eighty five extracted molars with divergent and well formed roots were selected for study and were randomly divided according to the material used for perforation repair. Group A: MTA, Group B: Biodentine, Group C: MTA mixed with GIC in 2:1 ratio. Group D: MTA mixed with GIC in 1:1 ratio. Group E: MTA CEM and 2 control groups. All samples were subjected to orthograde and retrograde methylene blue dye challenge followed by dye extraction with 70 weight % nitric acid. Samples were then analyzed using Ultra violet (UV) Visible Spectrophotometer at 550nm wavelength. The data were subjected to statistical analysis One Way ANOVA (level of significance <0.05) and post-hoc tukey test. MTA, Biodentine, Mixture of MTA and GIC in 2:1 ratio and MTA CEM showed significant less dye absorbance than MTA and GIC in 1:1 ratio. Within the limitation of the study, the newer mixture of MTA and GIC in 2:1 ratio showed promising sealing ability and was comparable to MTA, Biodentine and MTA CEM.

Review of biomarker systems as an alternative for early diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma.

Early diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma is bound to boost the long-term endurance rate of the patients. Most ovarian tumors happen post menopause when the ovaries have no vital operation and therefore irregular ovarian role causes no signs. According to Muinao T. et al. (Heliyon. 5(12):e02826, 2019), if we consider the frequency of ovarian carcinoma to be moderate, a screening technique must accomplish a base specificity of 99.6% and sensitivity of over 75%. The classification and approval of early diagnostic biomarkers explicit to ovarian carcinoma are essentially required. Prevailing methods for early diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma incorporate TVS, biological marker examination, or a blend of the two or other. In recent years, it has been revealed that a combination of at least two biomarkers has beaten single biomarkers in measures for early diagnosis of the illness. In the present document, we survey the ongoing exploration of innovative characteristic methodologies and possible panels of carcinoma biological markers for the early diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma and discuss biomarkers as the plausible apparatus for model improvement and other progressed approaches as an effective alternative to the prevailing methods for early diagnosis of this dreadful disease to evade bogus analysis and inordinate expense.

Microalgae harvesting techniques: A review.

Microalgae with wide range of commercial applications have attracted a lot of attention of the researchers in the last few decades. However, microalgae utilization is not economically sustainable due to high cost of harvesting. A wide range of solid - liquid separation techniques are available for microalgae harvesting. The techniques include coagulation and flocculation, flotation, centrifugation and filtration or a combination of various techniques. Despite the importance of harvesting to the economics and energy balance, there is no universal harvesting technique for microalgae. Therefore, this review focuses on assessing technical, economical and application potential of various harvesting techniques so as to allow selection of an appropriate technology for cost effectively harvesting of microalgae from their culture medium. Various harvesting and concentrating techniques of microalgae were reviewed to suggest order of suitability of the techniques for four main microalgae applications i.e biofuel, human and animal food, high valued products, and water quality restoration. For deciding the order of suitability, a comparative analysis of various harvesting techniques based on the six common criterions (i.e biomass quality, cost, biomass quantity, processing time, species specific and toxicity) has been done. Based on the order of various techniques vis-a-vis various criteria and preferred order of criteria for various applications, order of suitability of harvesting techniques for various applications has been decided. Among various harvesting techniques, coagulation and flocculation, centrifugation and filtration were found to be most suitable for considered applications. These techniques may be used alone or in combination for increasing the harvesting efficiency.

The impact of extended care on the long-term maintenance of weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Behavioural weight management interventions consistently produce 8-10% reductions in body weight, yet most participants regain weight after treatment ends. One strategy for extending the effects of behavioural interventions has been the provision of extended care. The current study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the effect of extended care on maintenance of weight loss. Through database searches (using PubMED, PsychInfo and Cochrane Reviews) and manual searches through reference lists of related publications, 463 studies were identified. Of these, 11 were included in the meta-analysis and an additional two were retained for qualitative analysis. The average effect of extended care on weight loss maintenance was g=0.385 (95% confidence interval: 0.281, 0.489; P<0.0001). This effect would lead to the maintenance of an additional 3.2 kg weight loss over 17.6 months post-intervention in participants provided extended care compared with control. There was no significant heterogeneity between studies, Q=5.63, P=0.845, and there was minimal evidence for publication bias. These findings suggest that extended care is a viable and efficacious solution to addressing long-term maintenance of lost weight. Given the chronic disease nature of obesity, extended care may be necessary for long-term health benefits.

Soluble microbial products formation and their effect on trace metal availability during anaerobic degradation of sulfate laden organics.

Anaerobic degradation of sulfate laden organics involves sulfide generation and release of soluble microbial products (SMP). Sulfide causes direct toxicity to microorganisms and precipitation of key metals. On the other hand, SMP helps in keeping higher soluble concentration of essential metals through complexation and alleviating sulfide toxicity. The role of SMP is well recognized in biological treatment of wastes but many issues are yet to be fully elucidated. The present paper discusses the effect of sulfide concentrations on SMP production and effect of complexation on soluble Fe, Ni, Zn and Co concentrations in laboratory scale uplflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) degrading synthetic sulfate laden organics at 35 degrees C for varying operating conditions. Results indicate increased SMP concentration with increasing sulfide concentration and significantly higher measured Fe, Ni, Zn and Co concentrations due to complexation in all three systems. Soluble Fe 0.43-0.66 mg/L; Ni 0.29-0.4 mg/L; Zn 0.15-0.19 mg/L; and Co 0.13-0.29 mg/L appears to be adequate for stable process operation and performance.

Effect of molybdate on methanogenic and sulfidogenic activity of biomass.

The effect of molybdate, a sulfate analog, on the total methanogenic activity (TMA) and total sulfidogenic activity (TSA) of biomass metabolizing synthetic sucrose based substrate containing sulfate was investigated in batch assays. In Phase I of the study, TMA and TSA were assessed twice for four feed changes at a chemical oxygen demand to sulfate (COD/SO(4)(2-)) ratio of 3.5. In Phase II, long-term experiments were conducted for 10-13 feed changes with varying chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration, sulfate concentration, COD/SO(4)(2-) ratio, molybdate dose and biomass with different growth histories. Assays with 3mM molybdate showed TSA inhibition over 85%. Dose dependency was observed for sulfate concentration, COD/SO(4)(2-) ratio, and biomass history. The minimum concentration that gave over 93% TSA inhibition was 0.25 mM. However, intermediate concentrations of molybdate inhibited methane producing bacteria (MPB) activity. TMA stimulation was observed at 0.75-2.0 mM molybdate.

Influence of nutrients on biomass evolution in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor degrading sulfate-laden organics.

This paper describes the effect of the nutrients iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), and molybdenum (Mo) on biomass evolution in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor metabolizing synthetic sulfate-laden organics at varying operating conditions during a period of 540 days. A bench-scale model of a UASB reactor was operated at a temperature of 35 degrees C for a chemical oxygen demand-to-sulfate (COD/SO4(2-)) ratio of 8.59 to 2.0, a sulfate loading rate of 0.54 to 1.88 kg SO4(2-)/m3 x d, and an organic loading rate of 1.9 to 5.75 kg COD/m3 x d. Biomass was characterized in terms of total methanogenic activity, acetate-utilizing methanogenic activity, total sulfidogenic activity, acetate-utilizing sulfidogenic activity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nickel and cobalt limitation appears to affect the activity of hydrogen-utilizing methane-producing bacteria (HMPB) significantly without having an appreciable effect on the activity of acetate-utilizing methane-producing bacteria (AMPB). Nickel and cobalt supplementation resulted in increased availability and, consequently, restoration of biomass activity and process performance. Iron limitation and sulfidogenic conditions resulted in the growth of low-density, hollow, fragile granules that washed out, causing process instability and performance deterioration. Iron and cobalt supplementation indicated significant stimulation of AMPB with slight inhibition of HMPB. Examination of biomass through SEM indicated a population shift with dominance of sarcina-type organisms and the formation of hollow granules. Granule disintegration was observed toward the end of the study.

Search for chromosomal variations among gas-exposed persons in Bhopal.

A chromosomal survey using standard lymphocyte cultures employing different media and G-banding techniques was initiated in 1984. This study became particularly important following the tragic gaseous exposure of the population in Bhopal at midnight on 2 December 1984. We have been able to formulate a chromosomal profile for each person whom we have studied; during 1986-1988, 154 persons were examined twice. Among seemingly normal individuals, as many as 20% might possess some chromosomal abnormality; of these, 50% may develop, at a later date, some kind of pathological complication (such as tumours, recurrent abortion or transmission of defects to their offspring). The people exposed to methyl isocyanate have repeatedly shown Robertsonian translocations, mostly in acrocentric chromosomes 13 and 21. Other types of translocations have been studied among all exposed (53) and normal (101) persons; the involvement of chromosomes 5, 9, 11, 14 and 16 is statistically significant (P = less than 0.001). One of the major clinical symptoms is dyspnoea; we have estimated that almost all seriously dyspnoeic patients have developed at least two categories of chromosomal aberrations, one of which is Robertsonian translocation, in at least 10% metaphases. Our chromosomal survey will be of significance because we are able to identify people with chromosomal aberrations that might be correlated with future pathological consequences of the accident. The "chromosomal load" that can be sustained with an apparently normal phenotype can also be measured.